Brief Introduction of Optical Fiber Communication
What do you mean by communication?
The communion means to exchange or transfer of information between one point to another point that is called communication.
- Fiber Optical communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another place by sending pulses or fly through an optical fiber the light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information so the basic principle of communication is to send information over a long distance without distortion or attenuation so that the information is received by an receiver in original form so in optical fiber communication we can send information over a long distance without distortion.
- Optical Fiber is mostly preferred over copper wire cable or electrical cable because it offers high bandwidth optical fiber is used for long-distance communication optical fiber having more information transmission capability it provides immunity to electromagnetic interference it has high degree of signal security and lack of cross talk and enhance safety this feature make optical fiber more demanding in the market.
- Unlike copper wire cable or electrical cable based transmission where the transmission entirely depend upon electrical signal passing through the cable the fiber optical transmission involved transmission of signal in the form of light from one point to another point further more a optical fiber communication network consists of transmitting and receiving circuitry, a light source and a detector device.
- Optical Fiber is used by many telecommunication companies to transmit telephone signals, internet communication and cable television transmission.
- For high-speed data transmission just like gigabit and beyond gigabits transmission of data the fiber optical communication is ideal choice this type of communication is used to transmit voice, video telemetry and data over long distance without distortion and a technician and local area network or computer networks.
- A fiber-optic communication system use light wave technology to transmit the data over a fiber by changing electronic signal into light.
- Researchers at Bell laboratory have researched internet speed of over 100 petabit kilometer per second using fiber optical communication so with the help of OPC optical fiber communication high-speed of data transmission can be achieved.
- Bandwidth of optical fiber communication is between 50THz to 176THz if bandwidth increasing the information carrying capacity is also getting easy.
- Normally optical fiber communication system used the near-infrared spectrum band with range of 770 nanometer to 1675 nanometer. Since longer wavelength band 1260 nanometer to1675 nanometer offers amazing performance for long distance communication in this band the signal experienced less attenuation and distortion so international telecommunication union(ITU) fixed 6 spectral bank that can be used for long-distance communication so what is that 6 spectral Bank so I discuss optical spectral Bank.
Optical Spectrum Band
- The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has designated 6 spectral Bands for use in optical fiber communication. Normally optical fiber communication system uses the near infrared spectral band which is varies from 770 nanometer to 1675nanometer this is low absorption window invisible to human eyes.
- The International Telecommunication Union divide this Band into 6 sub-bands Since longer wavelength bands 1260 nanometer to 1675nanometer offer amazing performance over long distance communication they are as follows.These are the optical spectral band which is experience less distortion less attenuation and signal transmitted over long distance so these bands.
- The First band is O band next is E band S band C band L band and U band these all 6 bands come in the range of 1260 nanometer to 1675 nanometer all 6 bands are divided into three bands first two band that is O band and E band in the category of up event the third and fourth band that is S band and C band is called middle band and the lower proven that is L band and U band is called lower band so upper band consists of tubing that is opened and even withstand for O band and E stands for extended band open the wavelength ranges 1260 nanometer to1360 nanometer even granges 1360nanometer to 1416 an nanometer these two bands have much low losses this reason having zero dispersion loss that is why these two bands are used for single-mode fiber.
- The middle band S band and C band, S band for Short band and C stand for conventional Band conventional band is also known as Erbium window these middle band are most widely used in optical fiber communication so the wavelength range 1460 nanometer to 15 30 nanometer for S band and 1530 nanometer to 1565nanometer for C band this band are most widely used in optical fiber communication these men having low attenuation losses, low dispersion losses but it having some dispersion so dispersion compensation device if we use C band or S band.
- The lower band is L band, L band stands for long band and U band stand for ultra long band ultra long band is used beyond that response capability of ultra doped fiber amplifier so these two bands L band wavelength range is 1565 nanometer to 1625 nanometer and ultra long band range is 1625 nanometer to 1675 nanometer and negative these two band shaving highest wave length it means energy of the signal can decrease and gain is also get decreases in this bone the description of the upper middle and lower band is given here.
- O band and E band was the original very first Band original reason also called upper been used for single mode fiber links already told this band having much low losses it having zero dispersion loss so it is used for single core fiber for long distance communication.
- Middle window consists of S band C band has been stands for short wavelength band and C band stands for conventional window or Erbium window this reason having low attenuation losses but having some dispersion losses so if dispersion losses is occur so dispersion compensation devices use if we use S Band or C Band for transmission. C band is the wavelength reason used for conventional Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier what is Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier is basically a piece of fiber just work like I amplified Erbium is basically a transition metal whose atomic number is 60 in F block and it’s atomic weight this atomic weight is 167.25 Gram this type of Erbium doped fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the signal
- Lower band consists of L Band and U band. L band is longer wavelength band and U band is ultra long wavelength band if the wavelength of the signal get increases the energy of the signal get decreases and gain is also can decreases so in this type of longer wave length band the gain decreases U band is the reason beyond the response capability of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier at this wavelength signal get high attenuation so it is called attenuation band so this is just brief in optical fiber communication.